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The Richmond Literary Institute (RLI) was established in 1861 and its founding President was George Bowman. The foundation stone for the Richmond School of Arts (RSoA) was laid in January 1866 and the building opened by Sir Henry Parkes – The Father of Federation – on the 27th August 1866. As Trustees, the members of the RLI are responsible for the management and operation of the RSoA. Members of the RLI offer their time and energy voluntarily.

Schools of Arts, also known as Mechanics’ Institutes, were established throughout the English-speaking world for the purpose of engaging the “artisan class” through public lectures and evening classes, thereby uplifting the educational standard of society across the board.

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Richmond Borough Council came into being in 1872 and the council meetings were held in the building until 1913.

In 1878 additions were made to provide a library and reading room. The main auditorium was used for lectures, debating and dances.

1896 saw more additions to the building with the stage extending the main auditorium, a dressing room, a back verandah, and the upstairs Lodge Room, now called the Archerfield Room.

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In 1900 the Billiard Room was built (now home to the Hawkesbury Valley Lapidary Club) and extended in 1914.

The back veranda, once used as a supper room, was demolished in 1998 and rebuilt with air conditioning & a large commercial grade kitchen. It was named the Murray Wing in honour of past member and benefactor, John Murray. This modern addition is now used for ballet classes, rehearsals, meetings, classes, parties and receptions.

Resident local theatre company, Richmond Players, has staged performances here continuously since 1954.